In this study, a simple electrode-positioning system was proposed using an augmented reality (AR) visualization technique.
EEG ELECTRODES SERIAL
Based on the serial coordinate registration, without the manual 10–20 landmarks identification, precise electrode repositioning was demonstrated. A vision-based position tracker and a laser scanner were used for electrode guidance. To address this issue, Jeon and Chien proposed a preliminary study for precise image-guided electrode placement. Thus, they potentially include non-negligible human error because of the structural ambiguity of anatomical landmarks. These systems require manual identification of anatomical landmarks prior to the electrode positioning. The virtual landmarks were identified using a visually guided navigation system, which used a magnetic digitizer. proposed a semi-automatic 10–20 identification method using the virtual 10–20 landmark determination in the computational space of reconstructed head surface. proposed the MinR 10–20 system that used landmarks of nasion, right and left preauricular points and posterior point on the occipital protuberance. The cap was placed using the 10–10 system, which is an expanded version of the international 10–20 system. developed a cap for the standard electrode positioning, which enabled the measurement of both EEG and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). An ultrasonic digitizer was used to define a reference coordinate system based on the aforementioned four anatomical landmarks. Echallier and Perrin proposed a computer-assisted electrode-positioning system. Several approaches were proposed using the anatomical landmarks of the international 10–20 system. The international 10–20 system is the de-facto standard electrode-positioning method, which relies on the manual identification of four anatomical landmarks. Several studies have been proposed to reproducibly position EEG electrodes. Thus, it is necessary to maintain consistent electrode locations over long-term trials to facilitate reliable EEG assessments. The standardized positioning of electrodes is essential in longitudinal EEG studies to minimize the test–retest and inter-examiner variability because even a small positioning error on the scalp can cause large changes in the measured electric potentials.
This system can be used as an alternative to the international 10–20 system.Įlectroencephalography (EEG) is a neuroimaging technique that is frequently used to measure the neural activity in the brain. The proposed AR guidance system improves the electrode positioning performance with a cost-effective system, which uses only RGB-D camera. The experimental results with the phantom show that the repeatability of the electrode positioning was improved compared to that of the conventional 10–20 positioning system. Thus, it can guide the position of the subsequently placed electrodes with high repeatability.
EEG ELECTRODES REGISTRATION
After scanning and registration of the facial surface of a subject by an RGB-D camera, the AR of the initial electrode positions as reference positions is overlapped with the current electrode positions in real time.
The proposed electrode guidance system is based on AR visualization to replace the manual electrode positioning.
To overcome this unreliability, an augmented reality (AR) visualization-based electrode guidance system was proposed. Since the landmarks are manually identified, the EEG assessment is inevitably unreliable because of individual variations among the subjects and the examiners. Conventional methods use anatomical landmarks as fiducial locations for the electrode placement. In longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG) studies, repeatable electrode positioning is essential for reliable EEG assessment.
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